ციფრები და ფაქტები ინტერნეტის გამოყენებაზე, ელექტრონული მთავრობა

sxvadasxva samecniero gamokvlevebi da publikaciebi gvamcnobs, rom jer kidev 1984 wels internetSi CarTuli iyo daaxloebiT 1000 kompiuteri. 2001 wlisaTvis am ricxvma 90 milions gadaaWarba, e.i. 16 wlis ganmavlobaSi internetis momxmareblis ricxvi 90 aTasjer gaizarda. Nielsen//NetRating-is monacemebiT, 2002 wlis III kvartalis bolos internetSi momuSave adamianTa ricxvi 560 milions aWarbebda. aqedan, 167,1 milioni iyo amerikeli, 129,5 milioni _ evropeli, 75 milioni azia-wynari okeanis regioni da a.S. 2005

wlisaTvis momxmareblis ricxvma miliards gadaaWarba. ruseTSi 2001 wels 3,8 milioni internetmomxmarebeli iyo. rambleris (rambler.Ru) monacemebis mixedviT ki, 2002 wels ruseTSi internetis momxmareblis ricxvi 40%-iT gaizarda. rusulenovani internetmomxmareblis didi wili qalebze modis. igi 2000-2001 wlisaTvis 33% iyo, erT weliwadSi ki 40%-mde gaizarda. internetSi muSaoba mimdinareobs samsaxuris adgilebSi (48%), saxlSi (32%), saswavlo dawesebulebebsa (21%) da internetkafeebSi (12%). saqarTveloSi internet-teqnologiebiT sargebloba farTo masStabiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi TiTqmis ar aRiniSneboda. bolo xuTi weli aRmavlobis wlebia, internet-teqnologiebiT sargeblobis masStabi aRar CamorCeba ruseTs da unda vifiqroT, rom uaxloes wlebSi miaRwevs evropis qveynebis dones. aRvniSnavT, rom internetmomxmareblebi ewevian sxvadasxva saxis farTomasStabian samuSaos: yidian da yiduloben, aTavseben reklamebs, ewevian sabanko saqmianobebs, atareben internet-konferenciebs da a. S. Zalze saintereso faqtia, rom 2003 wlisaTvis msoflioSi eleqtronuli komerciis sabazro moculoba 1,6 trilion dolars Seadgenda. bolo xuTwleulSi, evropis qveynebSi, arnaxuli tempiT mimdinareobs `eleqtronuli mTavrobis~ Seqmnis proeqtebis damuSaveba. `eleqtronuli mTavroba~ axali informaciuli teqnologiebis, kerZod ki, vebteqnologiebis pirmSoa da warmoadgens saxelmwifo organizaciebis, kerZo biznesisa da moqalaqeTa Tanaqmedeba-Tanacxovrebis uaxles models. `eleqtronuli mTavrobis~ Seqmna da gamoyeneba demokratiuli saxelmwifos aSenebisa da informaciuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis mtkice garantia. igi qveyanaSi mimdinare reformirebis gatarebis mTavar meqanizmad moiazreba. misi saSualebiT xdeba sainformacio da sakomunikacio veb-teqnologiebis im saxiT gamoyeneba, rac yovel moqalaqes an mTlianad qalaqis mosaxleobas saSualebas miscems monawileoba miiRos saxelmwifo marTvis iseT procesebSi, romlebic manamde misTvis miuwvdomeli iyo. am principiT adgili aqvs gamWvirvalobas, gadailaxeba mosaxleobasa da mTavrobas Soris arsebuli biurokratiuli barieri, xdeba samTavrobo momsaxurebis srulyofa, demokratiuli procesebis ganviTareba, socialuri pirobebis gaumjobeseba da sxv. cxadia, icvleba biurokratiuli cnobierebac, radgan masze inovaciuri procesebi did gavlenas axdens da `CinovnikSi~ winaaRmdegobis gawevis survili nel-nela cxreba, ukan ixevs da azrs kargavs. garda amisa, pirovnebis fsiqologiidan gamomdinare, masSi iRviZebs siaxlisadmi ltolvis interesic. mecnierTa da praqtikosTa TvalTaxedviT, XXI saukune TiTqmis `eleqtronuli mTavrobis~ saukunedaa monaTluli. muSavdeba `eleqtronuli mTavrobis~ sxvadasxva saxis metad saintereso proeqtebi. evropis mowinave qveynebSi Catarda saxelmwifo samsaxurebis gardaqmnis kompleqsuri RonisZiebebi `eleqtronuli evropis~ Seqmnis mizniT. ufro Rrmad rom CavwvdeT `eleqtronuli mTavrobis~ Seqmnis praqtikul miznebs, saWiroa, misi ZiriTadi principis da daniSnulebis gaTaviseba. ZiriTadi principi ki erTia, saxelmwifos moRvaweobis uwyebrivi interesebis orientaciidan, moqalaqeTa moTxovnebis dakmayofilebisa da misTvis saWirboroto amocanebis gadawyvetis orientaciaze gadasvla. cxadia, es gaxlavT realizeba ideologiisa _ `mTavroba xalxis samsaxurSi~. Tu ra praqtikuli Rirebuleba aqvs `eleqtronul mTavrobas~, SeiZleba gaverkveT umartivesi magaliTiT. vTqvaT, moqalaqes esaWiroeba pirad sakuTrebaze uflebis dokumentis gaformeba an romelime saxis registracia da Sesabamisi sabuTis miReba, piradobis damadasturebeli mowmobis aReba da a.S. rogorc wesi, moqalaqes amisaTvis uwevs sirbili da saTanado sabuTebis tareba samTavrobo organizaciebis erTi uwyebidan meoreSi, ikargeba aunazRaurebeli dro grZel rigebSi dgomiT, zogjer adgili aqvs saxelmwifo moxelis mxridan samsaxurebrivi uflebebis borotad gamoyenebasac da, rac mTavaria, am dros kargi Sansi eZleva korufcias, rac garkveulwilad angrevs qveynis ekonomikas. eleqtronuli saxiT, veb-teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT, SekveTis micema aRniSnuli sabuTebis gaformebisaTvis, ra Tqma unda, mkveTrad daaCqarebs process. SekveTis registraciidan umokles droSi xdeba SekveTili dokumentis eleqtronuli versiis formireba. SemkveT moqalaqes mxolod erTxel mouwevs Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi misvla, daafiqsirebs Tavis xelmoweras, Tumca, xelmowerac SeiZleba eleqtronuli saxiT iyos Sesrulebuli, adre damowmebuli faqsimiles safuZvelze da miiRebs sasurvel SekveTil dokuments. rogorc cnobilia,  aseTi sistema, germaniasa da evropis sxva qveynebSi dRes ukve warmatebulad funqcionirebs. rac Seexeba `eleqtronuli mTavrobis~ Seqmnis istorias, es procesi ganviTarebul qveynebSi daiwyes da warmatebiTac xorcieldeba. kerZod, 1998 wels germaniis federalurma mTavrobam gamoacxada doqtrina, romlis Tanaxmadac unda momxdariyo TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis saxelmwifo organoebis moRvaweobis modernizeba. modernizebis programis ganxorcieleba mTlianad eyrdnoboda `eleqtronuli mTavrobis~ proeqts. ori wlis Semdgom, kanclerma gerhard Sroiderma mimarTva gaakeTa kongresze, `interneti yvelasaTvis_ es aris pirdapiri gza informaciuli sazogadoebis Seqmnisaken~. mimarTvas qveyanaSi mohyva konkretuli programebi dafinansebiT, ufaso internet-momsaxureba, sponsoruli daxmarebebi kompiuteris ufaso SesaZenad  momxmareblisaTvis, dafinansda kompiuterze muSaobissaswavlo kursebi, internetis kerZo momxmareblebi gaTavisufldnen saxelmwifo begarisagan. rogorc federaluri gamokvlevebis masalebSia miTiTebuli, es procesi germaniis mTavrobas daujda daaxloebiT 3 miliard amerikuli dolari. niderlandebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom teritoriulad patara qveyanaa, cdilobs evropis liderebSi Sevides da amis misaRwev saSualebad `eleqtronul mTavrobas~ asaxelebs. 1999 wlidan moyolebuli, yovelwliurad am saqmisaTvis xarjavs 12 milionamde amerikul dolars. safrangeTSi 1998 wels mTavrobam daamuSava informaciul asociaciaSi Sesvlis `eleqtronuli evropa 2002~_is gegmis Sesabamisi miznobrivi programa. 2001 wels ruseTSi Seiqmna federaluri miznobrivi programa _ `eleqtronuli ruseTi~. programa iTvaliswinebs 2010 wlisaTvis yvela umaRles saswavlebels da saSualo skolas hqondes internetSi xelmiwvdomis saSualeba. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom am federaluri programis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro Tanxa Seadgens 2 miliard amerikul dolars. `eleqtronul saqarTvelos~ Sesaxeb garkveuli nabijebi ukve aris gadadgmuli, magram oficialuri monacemebiT, jer-jerobiT realuri proeqtebi ar arsebobs, rac moiTxovs uaxloes droSi gadawyvetas. 

ქართული ინტერნეტი

qarTuli internetis SeqmnaSi pirveli nabijebi gadadga saqarTvelos devnili erovnuli xelisuflebis emigraciam fineTidan.

pirveli qarTuli (qarTul enaze Sesrulebuli) veb gverdi anu veb saiTi 1996 wlis dasawyisSi Seqmna prezident zviad gamsaxurdias warmomadgenelma evropaSi reno  siraZem (fineTi) – es iyo „dedaena“

pirveli qarTuli veb saiTi romelic unikod kodirebaze iyo dafuZnebuli da zogadad meore qarTuli veb saiTi gaxda „Savlego“ daarsebuli 1996 wels BPG-InfoTech-is (besarion guguSvili, fineTi) mier.

internet teqnologiebisadmi da internetSi qarTuli damwerlobis gamoyenebisadmi miZRvnili pirveli qarTuli veb saiTi gaxda „qarTuli vebis tipografia“ daarsebuli 1997 wlis dasawyisSi BPG-InfoTech-ის (besarion guguSvili, fineTi) mier – iyenebs unikod kodirebasa da dinamiur fontebs

pirveli qarTuli warmoebis unikod fontebi internetisa da vebisaTvis gaxdnen BPG-InfoTech-is (besarion guguSvilis) mier Seqmnili BPG SanSer, BPG Class-ic da reno siraZis Seqmnili   WWW.net

rac Seexeba ZiriTad qselur protokols (protokolze terminebSi gvqonda moxsenebuli), mis rolSi gamodioda qselTaSorisi protokoli IP, romelzec SemdgomSi gveqneba saubari. oriode sityviT ki, qseluri protokoli ewodeba SeTanxmebul da damtkicebul standarts, romelic Seicavs or kompiuters Soris brZanebebis, teqstebis, grafikisa da sxva monacemebis miReba-gadacemis aRweras da wesebs. garda amisa, IP emsaxureba agreTve qselSi CarTuli ramdenime kompiuteris sinqronul muSaobasac. gamodis, rom qselTaSorisi protokoli _ IP aris kompiuterebis `kanonTa krebuli~, romelic Seicavs wesebis erTobliobas, risi dacvis safuZvelzec, qselSi CarTuli kompiuterebi, qseluri komunikaciis saSualebebiT awarmoebdnen informaciuli monacemebis gacvla-gamocvlas. saxeldobr IP gaxda msoflio qselis _ internetis mTavari protokoli, romelic uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva operaciuli sistemebis marTvis qveS myofi, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli gamoTvliTi manqanebis erT qselSi gaerTianebas. rogorc aRvniSneT, ARPAnet-ma popularoba moipova, rasac XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi axali nabiji mohyva. kerZod, aSS-s nacionalurma samecniero fondma (NSF) daaproeqta xuTi lokaluri qseli, romlebic erTmaneTTan daakavSira da centraluri kompiuteris _ qseluri muSa sadguris, saSualebiT Seqmna erTiani kompleqsi. es sistemac, rogorc ARPAnet, iyenebda monacemTa gacvla-gamocvlis protokols _ IP. rogorc aRniSnul proeqtSi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, amerikaSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela kvleviTi centri gaerTianda globalur informaciul sistemaSi, riTac Seiqmna egreTwodebuli qselTa-qseli anu internetwork, SemoklebiT ki internet. aRniSnulma sistemam aSS-Si arsebuli kvleviTi institutebis umravlesobas saSualeba misca, swrafad da adgilidan gausvlelad moepovebiaT axal-axali informacia mimdinare samecniero kvlevebis Sesaxeb. ase da amgvarad, aRniSnuli ideidan miiRes imisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli, rac dasawyisSi iyo avtorebis mier dagegmili. ase Seiqmna globaluri sainformacio qseli _ interneti. am faqts didi daintereseba mohyva mravalricxovan komerciul organizaciebSi, romlebic, miuxedavad imisa, rom Zalze Sors iyvnen mecnieruli ideebidan, swrafi tempiT daiwyes sakuTari lokaluri qselebis Seqmna. saWiro gaxda mravalricxovani lokaluri qselebis globalur qselSi gaerTianeba, rac ukve arsebuli satelefono xazebis meSveobiT veRar xerxdeboda. amas mohyva im mravalricxovani sakabelo arxis mSenebloba, romelic Tavsdeboda okeaneebisa da zRvebis fskerze. am arxebis saSualebiT xdeboda kompiuterebSi informaciis miReba da gadacema. XX saukunis oTxmociani wlebis miwurulSi, personaluri kompiuterebis eleqtronuli bazis gaumjobesebam da Sesabamisad gaiafebam, saSualeba misca kerZo momxmarebels ganexorcielebia internetTan kavSiri sakuTari sacxovrebeli adgilidan telefonis xazis saSualebiT, modemis gamoyenebiT. modemi kompiuteridan miRebul informaciis cifrul nakads gardaqmnis analogur xmovan signalebad da gadacems mas Cveulebriv satelefono xazSi. telefonis xazis meore boloSi, aseTive modemi transformirebas ukeTebs xmovan signals xelaxla cifrulSi. ase rom, modemi warmoadgens rogorc informaciis mimRebs, aseve gadamcemsac.  sabolood, mravalricxovani sakabelo xazi ukve veRar atarebda mozRvavebuli informaciuli nakadis did moculobas da saWiro gaxda kosmosuri satelekomunikacio arxebis moSvelieba. dReisaTvis, internetSi CarTva SeuZlia yovel msurvels, nebismieri kompiuteridan, Tu am ukanasknels aqvs sakomunikacio modemi da, es xdeba ise, rom momxmarebels ar sWirdeba imis codna, Tu rogori principiT muSaobs modemi, rogoraa mowyobili qseli da a.S. misTvis saWiroa mxolod elementaruli codna, rogor CarTos kompiuteri da Sevides internetSi.

წინათქმა

wigni warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos, romlis mizania studentebs misces codna da unar-Cvevebi sainformacio teqnologiebSi, kompiuterul sistemebsa da  qselebSi profesiuli saqmianobisaTvis, aseve misces bazisuri warmodgena kompiuteruli qselebze im studentebs, romlebic swavloben informaciuli teqnologiebis specialobiT an nebismier dainteresebul pirs vinc apirebs kompiuteruli qselisa da veb-teqnologiebis Seswavlas.

sainformacio teqnologiebis swrafma ganviTarebam revoluciuri cvlilebebi gamoiwvia adamianis cxovrebaSi, gaizarda adamianebs Soris komunikaciis moTxovnileba, 21-e saukuneSi kompiuteri iTavsebs wignis, kalmis, televizoris, telefonis, instrumentis da funjis rolsac ki. kompiuteriT SeiZleba iSovo milionebi Tu ara coli/qmari mainc. es aris dRevandeli realoba, imis miuxedavad, mogvwons da gvinda Tu ara Cven es.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ara mxolod dainaxa saWiroeba da daiwyo fiqri qveynis sruli maStabiT kompiuterizaciaze, aramed qmediTi nabijis gadadgmac daiwyo am mimarTulebiT.
gaqvs kompiuteri da interneti niSnavs, rom:
•     gaqvs uswrafesi da uiafesi, uwyveti kavSiri garesamyarosTan da SesaZlebloba, miiRo da gadasce axali ambavi dauyovnebliv
•     gaqvs SesaZlebloba ixilo msoflio saxlidan gausvlelad da gagiCndes swrafva Secvalo Seni uSualo garemo ukeTesobisken
•     gaqvs SesaZlebloba popularizacia gauwio sakuTar sofels, kuTxes, qalaqs da qveyanas nebismieri maStabiT
•     gaqvs Sansi ipovo Tanamoazreebi nebismier sakiTxze
•     gaqvs interesi icode ufro da ufro meti, radgan yovel wams ejaxebi realobas, rom informacia amouwuravia da Sen jer kidev araferi ar ici
•     gaqvs survili iswavlo axali ena, radgan informacia bevrad metia, vidre nebismier erT enas SeuZlia daitios da gadmosces
•     gaqvs SesaZlebloba Seqmna da gayido produqti/momsaxureba saxlidan gausvlelad da amisTvis mTavari, rac gWirdeba – azrovnebis unari da mizania
•     gaqvs SesaZlebloba gamoxato sakuTari azri Tamamad da SeuzRudavad xmiT da vinaobis gamjRavnebiT Tu vera, werilobiT da anonimurad mainc
•     gaqvs Sansi, gaakeTo bevri ram TiTqmis imave tempSi, rogoriTac danarCeni, ukeTesi msoflio cxovrobs da ar dakargo dro, romelic axla bevrad ufro swrafad gadis, vidre adre
•     da ase usasrulod (danarCeni Tqven SemoamateT)
 
vfiqrob Tanamedrove teqnologiuri siaxleebis aTviseba da gamoyeneba  dagvexmareba Cveni samSoblos ganviTarebaSi zogadad da aseve sakuTari miznebis miRwevaSi.
dResdReobiT internetSi CarTvis uamravi sxvadasxva saSualeba arsebobs: Tanamgzavruli kavSiri, telefoni, fiWuri kavSiri, specialuri optiko boWkovani xazebi da sxva. vebi dRevandeli cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawili gaxda.